feat: add image upload support for post/reply/quote commands
- Add upload_media() method to TwitterClient (INIT/APPEND/FINALIZE flow via upload.twitter.com, supports JPEG/PNG/GIF/WebP up to 5MB) - Extend create_tweet() and quote_tweet() with optional media_ids param - Add --image/-i option to post, reply, and quote CLI commands (max 4) - Add MediaUploadError exception for upload-specific error handling - Add 6 unit tests covering upload flow, validation, and media_ids Co-Authored-By: Catafal <67582323+Catafal@users.noreply.github.com>
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jackwener
@@ -2,9 +2,11 @@
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from __future__ import annotations
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import base64
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import json
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import logging
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import math
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import mimetypes
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import os
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import random
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import time
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@@ -33,6 +35,7 @@ from .constants import (
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sync_chrome_version,
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)
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from .exceptions import (
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MediaUploadError,
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NotFoundError,
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TwitterAPIError,
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)
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@@ -394,6 +397,10 @@ class TwitterClient:
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# ── Write operations ─────────────────────────────────────────────
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# Supported image MIME types and max file size (5 MB)
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_SUPPORTED_IMAGE_TYPES = {"image/jpeg", "image/png", "image/gif", "image/webp"}
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_MAX_IMAGE_SIZE = 5 * 1024 * 1024 # 5 MB
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def _write_delay(self):
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# type: () -> None
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"""Sleep a random interval after write operations to avoid rate limits."""
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@@ -401,12 +408,99 @@ class TwitterClient:
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logger.debug("Write operation delay: %.1fs", delay)
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time.sleep(delay)
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def create_tweet(self, text, reply_to_id=None):
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# type: (str, Optional[str]) -> str
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"""Post a new tweet. Returns the new tweet ID."""
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def upload_media(self, file_path):
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# type: (str) -> str
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"""Upload an image file to Twitter. Returns the media_id string.
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Uses Twitter's chunked upload API (INIT → APPEND → FINALIZE).
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Supports JPEG, PNG, GIF, and WebP images up to 5 MB.
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"""
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if not os.path.isfile(file_path):
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raise MediaUploadError("File not found: %s" % file_path)
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file_size = os.path.getsize(file_path)
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if file_size > self._MAX_IMAGE_SIZE:
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raise MediaUploadError(
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"File too large: %.1f MB (max %.0f MB)"
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% (file_size / (1024 * 1024), self._MAX_IMAGE_SIZE / (1024 * 1024))
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)
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media_type = mimetypes.guess_type(file_path)[0] or ""
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if media_type not in self._SUPPORTED_IMAGE_TYPES:
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raise MediaUploadError(
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"Unsupported image format: %s (supported: jpeg, png, gif, webp)" % media_type
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)
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upload_url = "https://upload.twitter.com/i/media/upload.json"
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session = _get_cffi_session()
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# ── INIT ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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headers = self._build_headers(url=upload_url, method="POST")
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headers["Content-Type"] = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
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init_data = {
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"command": "INIT",
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"total_bytes": str(file_size),
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"media_type": media_type,
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}
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resp = session.post(upload_url, headers=headers, data=init_data, timeout=30)
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if resp.status_code >= 400:
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raise MediaUploadError("INIT failed (HTTP %d): %s" % (resp.status_code, resp.text[:300]))
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try:
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init_result = json.loads(resp.text)
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except (json.JSONDecodeError, ValueError):
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raise MediaUploadError("INIT returned invalid JSON")
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media_id = init_result.get("media_id_string", "")
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if not media_id:
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raise MediaUploadError("INIT did not return media_id")
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logger.info("Media INIT: media_id=%s", media_id)
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# ── APPEND ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
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with open(file_path, "rb") as f:
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media_data = base64.b64encode(f.read()).decode("ascii")
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headers = self._build_headers(url=upload_url, method="POST")
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# Remove JSON content-type — curl_cffi handles multipart encoding
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headers.pop("Content-Type", None)
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append_data = {
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"command": "APPEND",
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"media_id": media_id,
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"segment_index": "0",
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"media_data": media_data,
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}
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resp = session.post(upload_url, headers=headers, data=append_data, timeout=60)
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if resp.status_code >= 400:
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raise MediaUploadError("APPEND failed (HTTP %d): %s" % (resp.status_code, resp.text[:300]))
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logger.info("Media APPEND: segment 0 uploaded")
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# ── FINALIZE ─────────────────────────────────────────────────
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headers = self._build_headers(url=upload_url, method="POST")
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headers["Content-Type"] = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
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finalize_data = {
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"command": "FINALIZE",
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"media_id": media_id,
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}
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resp = session.post(upload_url, headers=headers, data=finalize_data, timeout=30)
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if resp.status_code >= 400:
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raise MediaUploadError("FINALIZE failed (HTTP %d): %s" % (resp.status_code, resp.text[:300]))
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logger.info("Media FINALIZE: media_id=%s ready", media_id)
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return media_id
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def create_tweet(self, text, reply_to_id=None, media_ids=None):
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# type: (str, Optional[str], Optional[List[str]]) -> str
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"""Post a new tweet. Returns the new tweet ID.
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Args:
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text: Tweet text content.
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reply_to_id: Optional tweet ID to reply to.
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media_ids: Optional list of media IDs (from upload_media) to attach.
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"""
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media_entities = []
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if media_ids:
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media_entities = [{"media_id": mid, "tagged_users": []} for mid in media_ids]
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variables = {
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"tweet_text": text,
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"media": {"media_entities": [], "possibly_sensitive": False},
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"media": {"media_entities": media_entities, "possibly_sensitive": False},
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"semantic_annotation_ids": [],
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"dark_request": False,
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} # type: Dict[str, Any]
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@@ -526,13 +620,22 @@ class TwitterClient:
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raise TwitterAPIError(0, "Failed to fetch current user info")
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def quote_tweet(self, tweet_id, text):
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# type: (str, str) -> str
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"""Quote-tweet a tweet. Returns the new tweet ID."""
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def quote_tweet(self, tweet_id, text, media_ids=None):
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# type: (str, str, Optional[List[str]]) -> str
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"""Quote-tweet a tweet. Returns the new tweet ID.
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Args:
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tweet_id: The tweet ID to quote.
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text: Commentary text.
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media_ids: Optional list of media IDs (from upload_media) to attach.
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"""
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media_entities = []
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if media_ids:
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media_entities = [{"media_id": mid, "tagged_users": []} for mid in media_ids]
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variables = {
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"tweet_text": text,
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"attachment_url": "https://x.com/i/status/%s" % tweet_id,
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"media": {"media_entities": [], "possibly_sensitive": False},
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"media": {"media_entities": media_entities, "possibly_sensitive": False},
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"semantic_annotation_ids": [],
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"dark_request": False,
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}
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